English Language Arts/ Teacher Training
(Re)Active Praxis: Politically Speaking: Accepting Teaching as a Political Act
This reflective essay explores the evolution of an educator’s understanding of the inherently political nature of teaching inspired by Paulo Freire’s philosophy and deepened through personal experience and professional development. Initially resistant to integrating politics into pedagogy the author recounts how mentoring new teachers and a pivotal experience with a mentee exposed the inadequacy of apolitical teaching. A Fulbright fellowship further shifted the author’s perspective revealing that classrooms are critical spaces for civic discourse and democratic engagement. Embracing this insight the author began explicitly incorporating political texts and discussions while maintaining a focus on analytical thinking over partisan debate. The essay concludes with a framework for preservice and new teachers to navigate political content thoughtfully and responsibly. It argues that avoiding politics is not a neutral act but rather a missed opportunity to equip students for active citizenship in a complex polarized world.
(Re)Active Praxis: Exploring Our Wobbles as Teacher Educators Committed to Critical Pedagogy
Teacher educators in the United States who are committed to promoting critical pedagogy are certain to face tension and doubt during Trump’s second term as president. In this reflective piece two teacher educators explore some of their tensions and discuss the insight gained from reflecting upon and responding to moments of tension and doubt.
Research: Examining Particularities of Praxis within a Literacy Practicum: A Case Study of Humanizing Pedagogies and Hope
This article addresses how teacher educators prepare literacy teachers to respond to the politicization of reading and literacy in current contexts. Utilizing a humanizing pedagogies framework the authors explore four nested cases within a case study of one cohort of preservice teachers’ literacy mentoring in a two-semester course-based practicum. They ask how preservice teachers practice humanizing pedagogy and how they reflect toward their future teaching. A qualitative analysis of course artifacts reveals particularities in how participants learn about themselves as they mentor young readers leverage those understandings to build their teaching practice and connect their experiences to the politics of schooling. Participants envision cultivating belonging and critical literacy within their future classrooms conscious of the conditions of schooling and hopeful about their capacity to teach critical literacy. Implications for teacher education include designing spaces to come to know and meet preservice teachers where they are in their journeys toward humanization.
(Re)Active Praxis: Centering Care and Humanization in Difficult Conversations
Grounded in theories of care and humanizing pedagogy in this praxis piece two teacher educators explore strategies to navigate complex polarizing topics in educational settings. Drawing on examples such as facilitating “listening arguments” and welcoming discomfort in critical reflection educators are encouraged to resist binaries and promote understanding of diverse perspectives. Through care and humanization educators can create spaces where disagreements become opportunities for growth healing and deeper civic engagement even in restrictive educational environments.
Research: English Educators and the Publication of Teacher Research in NCTE Journals: Advancing ELA’s Emancipatory Aims
This review of teacher research published in four NCTE journals from 2003–2023 considers who is authoring teacher research articles about which middle and secondary contexts and for which audiences. Despite teacher research’s history in English education epistemic injustice has fragmented its contributions to our field’s knowledge base. Consequently a recent history is critically important to document. Drawing on positioning theory to analyze how article authors position themselves and others through writing for publication this research reveals that most teacher research published in these NCTE journals is authored by English educators. It identifies three vantage points from which English educators differently position themselves in relation to teacher research and teacher-researchers as they contribute to ELA’s emancipatory aims. At a sociopolitical moment when teacher agency and intellectualism are particularly threatened this review calls English educators forward. By capitalizing on our collective power to publish and seek sustainable change with classroom teacher-researchers we champion shared roles as knowledge producers and agents of change working together to emancipate students and one another from oppressive systems of inequities.
(Re)Active Praxis: Cutting through the Briars: Politics and Context in Teacher Education
Using the metaphor of my grandmother’s garden and her endless pockets of tools this praxis-focused discussion offers practical guidance for educators to effectively and strategically navigate complex political contexts and restrictive mandates. The goal is to equip and empower teachers so that they and students might flourish despite figurative briars and rocky terrains just as my grandmother’s plants did.
Research: “Our students’ identities ought to be at the center of our work”: Examining the Tensions of Enacting Critical Perspectives in Preservice Literacy Teaching
This qualitative study examined elementary education preservice teachers’ (PTs’) enactments of culturally responsive and sustaining pedagogies within their respective field placements. Data collection occurred across three semesters including participant interviews field observations and teaching artifacts. Analysis indicates that the PTs’ field placement context(s) shaped the affordances and limitations each preservice teacher encountered during student teaching. This study suggests that PTs need support from multiple stakeholders to adopt and enact culturally sustaining pedagogies and it raises questions about what more teacher education programs can do to support PTs once they enter student teaching.
ELATE Position Statement: Exploring, Incorporating, and Questioning Generative Artificial Intelligence in English Teacher Education
In this ELATE position statement issued on November 21 2024 the authors contextualize GenAI as an issue of literacy offering specific considerations for incorporating addressing and exploring this technology in ELA teacher education. More broadly the authors encourage us to question how teacher education can navigate these increasingly complex technologies and the attendant literacies while responding to the political implications of both.
(Re)Active Praxis: Preservice Teachers, Critical Literacy, and the Age of the #ScienceofReading
This essay explores an in-class activity designed to prepare preservice teachers (PSTs) to leverage critical literacies as they navigate political social media claims about English/reading instruction in a methods of middle school ELA course. PSTs investigated content produced by social media teacher influencers ascribed to the “Science of Reading” (SOR) movement using Gee’s (2014) “tools of inquiry” for discourse analysis. While PSTs shared greater critical perspectives of social media content after the activity they also struggled to identify the political underpinnings of instructional claims. The author reflects on this activity and offers suggestions for teacher educators as they prepare PSTs for twenty-first-century political and pedagogical influences.
Research: Building Elementary Teacher Candidates’ Comfort and Knowledge for Selecting Children’s Literature Depicting Disabilities
Experiences with children’s literature can serve as bibliotherapy by building readers’ empathy understanding and comfort with disabled characters. However elementary generalist teacher candidates rarely experience this learning in teacher education coursework focused on pedagogy. This exploratory formative design/development study found that teacher candidates’ self-reported comfort choosing children’s literature depicting disability significantly increased following reading and meeting an author of literature depicting disability. Specifically despite concerns about navigating texts with outdated or offensive terminology teacher candidates felt that their students could connect with these characters. Implications for teacher education are discussed.
In Dialogue: People Writing, Human Identities
The recent ELATE position statement on generative AI in English education is nuanced and wise perhaps the best that can be produced in this historical moment. However we must fully grasp the dangers of the “efficiency” celebrated by the technological economic and ideological interests driving these tools which have consequences for individual cognition and democratic participation. ELA professionals must champion broad human engagements with language including writing that prizes people’s experiences thoughts imaginations and voices for purposes beyond efficiency.
In Dialogue: The Depth of Political Influences in Education
In this piece the author engages in dialogue with the preceding article “Affecting Social Class Literacy: Classed Emotions in Preservice Teachers’ Lives Literature Analysis and Future Teaching” by Sophia Tatiana Sarigianides to consider the manifestation of political ideologies in teacher education.
(Re)Active Praxis: A Collision of Beliefs: Teacher Education in the Time of Trump
Teacher educators who are committed to antiracist and anti-oppressive work are faced with challenges when confronted with future teachers who do not share these values. This reflective essay explores the story of a new teacher educator committed to social justice work who must work with a teacher candidate who openly contested discussions of institutional racism gender inclusivity and the “liberal” agenda yet was evaluated by the student teaching assessment form as a proficient teacher.
Research: Rime of the Emergent Teachers: Supporting Collaborative Literary Learning through Roleplaying Games
This article explores the affordances of roleplaying games (RPGs) in teacher education contexts for supporting navigation across personal cultural and literary interpretive practices. Coding preservice teachers’ (PSTs’) discussions about their own learning experiences we see how tabletop RPGs designed around existing texts have the potential to support both textual comprehension as well as literary interpretation. RPGs made space for circumventing difficult language and Western cultural knowledge instead foregrounding students’ identities textual connections questions and meaning-making. PSTs described the benefits of a “double experience” in which their own decisions in the roleplaying game structured their understanding of the original text when they were reading and their interpretations of it after the activity. We share teacher learning around design including tensions around staying on script to support comprehension or going “off-script” to support critical literary interpretation. We suggest that RPGs in English education contexts can help teachers see the potential of centering joyful sometimes messy interpretive meaning-making while decentering individual texts and teacher-centric pedagogies.
In Dialogue: Parallels of Discrimination: Affirming Palestinian American Adolescents’ Identity in Politically Charged Climates
In this piece the author engages in dialogue with the preceding article “A Collision of Beliefs: Teacher Education in the Time of Trump” by Abby Boehm-Turner to reflect on the importance of criticality and liberatory practices.
In Dialogue: Threads between Teaching, Politics, and Tabletop Gaming
In this piece the author engages in dialogue with the preceding article “Rime of the Emergent Teachers: Supporting Collaborative Literary Learning through Roleplaying Games” by Karis Jones Sasha Karbachinskiy Jennifer Castillo and Alexandra Salom by considering the inherently political nature of roleplaying games.
Research: Affecting Social Class Literacy: Classed Emotions in Preservice Teachers’ Lives, Literature Analysis, and Future Teaching
In the field of English education views of working-class individuals matter not only in terms of teacher beliefs about their students but also for literature instruction that reflects classed lives in texts like A Raisin in the Sun and The Great Gatsby. Without an explicit critical discourse on social class (Jones & Vagle 2013) dominant views of working-class people remain intact especially in the middle-class institution of schooling (Vagle & Jones 2012). This study examines the effects of implementing a social class literacy (SCL) curriculum featuring classed feelings in a young adult literature course designed for English language arts preservice teachers. Findings show preservice teachers capably applying SCL to literary interpretations and to their lives and how doing so affected their ideas about future teaching.
Research: “The students are only getting more diverse”: Cultivating Culturally Infused Teaching and Learning with Preservice Teachers in a Professional Learning Community
Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) have potential as a collaborative model at facilitating culturally relevant/sustainable (CRS) pedagogical practices with preservice teachers. This article presents the results of a study examining the experiences of preservice English educators in a model PLC aimed at fostering understandings of CRS pedagogies with preservice educators. Monthly virtual PLC sessions were conducted over the course of four months focused on developing an understanding of CRS pedagogies with six preservice educators. Transcripts from PLC sessions and individual interviews were examined through a qualitative case-study analysis to determine themes that emerged from participant experiences. Analysis revealed three themes as central to preservice teachers’ experiences in the model PLC: (1) need for sense of community in the PLC (2) apprehension regarding perceived administrative response and (3) enthusiasm for attempting CRS practices in the classroom. PLCs centered on developing CRS practices with preservice educators may aid English teacher education programs in preparing teachers to educate students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.
Research: English Teachers’ Experience of Critical Language Teaching in an Anti-CRT Context
This study examines how English teachers in a politically conservative state integrate principles of Critical Language Awareness into their existing curricula despite a political climate hostile to teaching about social inequity. This project stemmed from concerns expressed by preservice teachers in an English methods class about their ability to enact the critical language teaching methods they were learning because of the political context in the state. Interviews with practicing teachers reveal how teachers incorporate critical language teaching across English courses as disparate as AVID English 9 Journalism and African American Literature. The study provides examples of external pushback against race-related curriculum and the resulting fear teachers carried in their professional and personal lives. It also documents teachers’ persistence in the face of fear. Finally the study raises challenges of teaching about race and language with white students in politically conservative contexts highlighting a need to support teachers doing critical language teaching in these spaces. The findings demonstrate that even under the scrutiny of anti-CRT sentiments teachers can successfully engage critical language awareness.
Invited Reflection: Small Talk about Big Ideas: The Benefits of ELATE Membership
In this piece three leaders of English Language Arts Teacher Educators (ELATE) reflect on their individual experiences with ELATE before collectively exploring the benefits of membership in the professional organization.
(Re)Active Praxis: What If? Wobbling in the Speculative
I take up a practitioner inquiry stance to examine a wobble I experienced while conducting research with ELA preservice teachers. Drawing on Garcia and O’Donnell-Allen’s Pose Wobble Flow framework (2015) I consider how my research design and pose as a justice-oriented teacher educator led me to wobble when participants agreed on a potentially problematic idea. Resisting and interrogating binaries of right/wrong and good/bad I speculatively (re)imagine the possibilities of my interactions with the ELA PSTs. Sharing these speculative (re)imaginings of wobbles in teacher education can function to deepen and make more flexible our individual poses and make visible just collective educational futures.
(Re)Active Praxis: Uncertainty and Vulnerability: Collaborative Course Redesign to Integrate Disciplinary Concepts and Justice Orientations in Contentious Contexts
This (Re)Active Praxis essay centers on the collaborative revision of two English language arts teacher education courses—one on literature and drama and the other on writing and language—in a state experiencing aggressive legislation against practices of diversity equity and inclusion that impacts teacher education preparing students to design justice-oriented education. Two objectives framed this collaborative course revision: to deliver critical teacher preparation grounded in cultural relevance and justice orientations and to design courses that integrate and demonstrate conceptual and instructional relationships between reading and writing. The authors share and reflect on their experiences and process of collaboratively revising the courses offering a heuristic derived from their decision-making to increase or improve ways education courses support preservice teachers’ opportunities to learn and teach literacy in culturally responsive justice-oriented classrooms.
Research: “It feels like a safe place”: A (Re)Invitation to the Writer’s Notebook as Humanizing Pedagogy in Preservice Literacy Teacher Education
This qualitative case study examines preservice teachers’ (PTs) self-selected writer’s notebook (WNB) entries and written reflections in two literacy methods courses. The authors use thematic analysis to consider how the writer’s notebooks supported PTs’ learning to teach multilingual writers while concurrently writing for themselves and navigating contemporary sociopolitical contexts. The authors describe how PTs used their writer’s notebooks to process emotion and identity develop professional stances and build experiential knowledge around multilingual multimodal writer praxis. The authors conclude with suggestions for teacher educators and researchers to expand these practices.
Research: “I’ve always had the abolitionist spirit in me”: Preservice Teachers of Color and Pedagogies of Abolitionist Praxis
This year-long ethnographic study explores how two ELA preservice teachers of color enacted pedagogies of abolitionist praxis—centering teaching and learning to and through an abolitionist praxis of identifying and dismantling surveillance criminalization and punishment—via the areas of curriculum and instruction relational work and organizing and activism. When enacting pedagogies of abolitionist praxis with specific attention to curriculum and instruction three findings were identified. First both teachers purposely and strategically designed their curriculum and instruction to explicitly teach an abolitionist praxis yet they did so via distinct approaches. Next the teachers rooted their curriculum and instruction in a radical Black Indigenous and feminist imaginary to teach about but more importantly teach against carceral practices policies and ideologies. Last both teachers facilitated youth-led action research projects that centered present and future world-building actions. This study provides implications for the education and support of preservice teachers and for K–12 teacher practice.
Editorial: Letting Students Lead the Way to Justice
As I write this editorial almost a year has passed since the 2023 ELATE Summer Conference in Atlanta. Yet the connecting presenting socializing and theorizing that occurred at the conference continue to generate important research and practices for the field of English language arts teacher education. This second special issue on the conference theme of “Centering Hope and Organizing for Justice” expands on this theme in exciting ways sharing research that will move education closer to justice. Yet before I highlight the justice-centered work contained in this issue I first want to reflect on the elements of hope and justice from the conference theme and how they are operating in my life scholarship and activism considering these questions: What is giving me hope right now? And how does hope help me organize for justice? I invite you dear reader to consider these questions alongside me.
Research: “They’re just not mature enough sometimes”: Teacher Candidates’ Languaging of Students and Criticality
Working in an English education teacher preparation program that emphasizes Muhammad’s (2020 2023) culturally and historically responsive literacy model three graduate teaching assistants sought to understand how teacher candidates (TCs) in the program take up the learning pursuit of criticality in their planning and teaching. In this article the authors discuss findings and implications from a qualitative study examining how four TCs languaged their understandings and enactments of criticality. Findings show that TCs’ definitions of criticality shaped their practice sometimes limiting it based on the compatibility of TCs’ curriculum or priorities with their understandings of criticality. In addition TCs’ deficit-framing of their students was a factor in how TCs explained the ways they did or did not take up criticality in their teaching. Implications from the study suggest a need to attend to the ways TCs language their students and conceive of criticality to support uptake of criticality in TCs’ planning and instructional practices.
(Re)Active Praxis: “I would get canceled for speaking like this”: Balancing Justice, Compassion, and Freedom in the Antiracist English Methods Classroom
In this essay the author reflects on a preservice teacher who disagreed with the antiracist focus of a methods class but refused to express her views in front of her peers suggesting that teacher educators may need to think harder about how to open spaces for divergent viewpoints on the worldview underlying antiracist pedagogy.
Symposium: Collective Dream for English Education
In this multiauthored piece ELATE members dream about what could be in ELA teacher education offering particular ideas resources theories and activities that could help them realize their dreams.
(Re)Active Praxis: Preparing Preservice Teachers for the Unknown with NCTE Resources
In this article the author shares a research assignment used with English language arts preservice teachers in a methods course to prepare them to engage with the NCTE professional community. The author shares how preservice teachers self-selected research topics designed classroom-ready teacher materials based on their research using NCTE journals and shared this research using panel presentations in class.
Research: Games to Promote Empathy as a Literacy Practice: A New Teacher’s Playful Practice
Researchers have advocated for the use of games for learning yet few studies focus on games within English teacher education. Even fewer studies examine English Language Arts (ELA) teachers as designers of games. In this article the authors examine a new ELA teacher’s design and implementation of a tabletop card game and explore what this game and its use in a middle school classroom illustrate about the purposes of games in secondary ELA. Data collection occurred across one year and included three semi-structured interviews and game materials. Key findings focus on games as (a) platforms for learning empathy as a literacy practice; (b) texts for story building and interpretive practice; and (c) ways to reimagine classroom learning. We discuss implications for teacher educators and teachers including games in ELA curriculum the use of games to reconceptualize schooling and tensions that can arise when teachers incorporate games in classrooms.
Re(Active) Praxis: Making a Place for Rurality: Toward a More Inclusive Multicultural Teacher Education
This piece recounts how a teacher educator’s experiences as a rural student and teacher at various educational levels have shaped her professional identity. Pairing these experiences with scholarship on rural cultural identity she outlines how ELA teacher educators can honor rural identities cultures and ways of being in their classrooms. The pedagogical moves detailed in this piece offer opportunities for both teacher educators and preservice teachers to consider ways of inviting rural culture into their classroom—to make rural culture part of an inclusive and multicultural way of teaching.
Invited Response: Promise and Perils of GenAI in English Education: Reflections from the National Technology Leadership Summit
In this essay three English educators who attended the National Technology Leadership Summit reflect on the benefits of using GenAI in English education while simultaneously considering the perils of its use. After posing many critical questions for consideration they conclude with a call for teacher educators to develop a robust research agenda focused on GenAI in partnership with preservice teachers and students as well as a push to engage in policy advocacy that can inform local and state policies.
Re(Active) Praxis: Navigating NCTE Preparation Standards and Restrictive Legislation in English Education Programs
In the midst of quickly changing education legislation English education teacher educators must consider how to prepare teacher candidates with a full understanding of new restrictive legislation as they design and implement instruction upholding NCTE’s standards for antiracist/antibias instruction while protecting themselves from school-level discipline and/or state-level legal implications. In this essay a teacher educator reflects on these conflicts in relation to her own practice and how she has made curricular changes to engage her students in this work.
Research: Solidarity-as-Project: Charting Democratic Co-inquiries in an Asian American Girl and Woman–Centric English Education Community
Informed by AsianCrit sociocultural literacy studies and solidarity scholarship this article examines how an Indian American woman scholar-practitioner and eight Indonesian American girls collectively engaged with civic learning in an out-of-school critical English education space. The researcher offers the construct of solidarity-as-project by tracing examples of how the facilitator and participants crossed boundaries of identity and experience to interdependently learn about and centralize Asian American civic legacies. The researcher also considers the complications of power and diversity in those co-learning processes. The article concludes with recommendations for how English teacher education can orient teacher candidates toward enacting solidarity-as-project alongside Asian American girls and young women.
Re(Active) Praxis: Sub Way, Teach Fresh: How Five Weeks as a High School English Teacher Sharpened My Life as an English Teacher Educator
In this essay the author reflects on his experience as a short-term substitute teacher in a high school English classroom. He considers the personal and professional tensions that led him there the impact of his time in the classroom and the potential it offered to identify and navigate the teacher educators’ “radical preferences” that might occasionally need sharpening.
NCTE Vice Presidential Address: The Work of ELATE
This is a lightly edited version of the address given by Tonya B. Perry at the ELATE Summer Conference on July 7 2023 at Georgia State University Atlanta.