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English Language Arts/ Research
(Re)Active Praxis: What Happens When You Read about Racism?
This reflective essay explores three graduate students’ experiences hosting an antiracist teaching book club with preservice English language arts teachers in the spring of 2021. The book club centered on practical advice for engaging secondary students through antiracist pedagogies while meeting the expectations placed on new teachers. Through reflection the authors found the book club opened a space for critical conversations on their own responsibilities as antiracist educators.
(Re)Active Praxis: Disrupting Segregated Knowledge Flows: Reflections from an Evolving Abolitionist
Amid a time of social protest against systemic racism the author recalls an experience of her own racism as a white literacy researcher and ELA educator. She acknowledges and describes her racism as both a means to redesign teaching practice and an invitation to other ELA educators to allow the discomfort that can come with reflection. Drawing on Bettina Love’s articulation of abolitionist teaching as well as scholars in critical English pedagogy and critical literacies the author focuses on the problem of segregated knowledge flows and shares ways in which she is disrupting this systematic tendency.
Research: Preparation and Practice: Preservice English Teachers’ Experiences in Learning to Facilitate Text-Based Discussions
This study explores the experiences of one cohort of secondary English preservice teachers (PSTs) learning to facilitate text-based discussions during a methods course. The authors analyze how the use of a Common Core-aligned instructional text and mixed-reality simulations support PSTs in developing discussion facilitation skills. Implications highlight that teacher educators need to examine their timing of approximations in teacher education programs and explain how simulated environments are intentionally used for PSTs to refine their practice.
Research: ELA Teachers and Whiteness: Hesitancy as Barrier to Teacher Agency Development
This study examines ways preservice teachers transfer their developing agentive identities—specifically around race/ism inequity and whiteness—from the teacher education context to secondary English language arts classrooms as well as barriers preventing that transfer. This inquiry utilized qualitative case study methods to conduct in-depth analysis of six ELA preservice teachers’ written reflections class discussions and student-instructor conferences. While the preservice teachers showed evidence of developing “theoretical agency” in the teacher education context they often struggled to maintain their agentive poses within secondary ELA contexts. Their struggles manifest as hesitancy connected to their awareness of and navigation of their own whiteness. Findings suggest preservice teachers need opportunities to interrogate whiteness through curricula and structural inequities and to engage in agency development across a variety of contexts.
Tracing Terror, Imagining Otherwise: A Critical Content Analysis of Antiblack Violence in Middle Grade Novels
This research offers a critical content analysis of three middle grade novels that is substantiated by key concepts within Afro-pessimism Black critical theory and Black futurity. Through this framing we examine significant historic and sociopolitical moments reflected in the novels when Black preteen protagonists are forced to confront racialized violence. Across the set of novels we outline a distinct pattern of antiblackness—one that chronicles the incomplete nature of emancipation that continuously haunts Black lives in the United States (Hartman & Wilderson 2003). Yet at the same time we consider how the novels connect the past present and future by reflecting how Black girls across time and location have imagined alternative ways forward.
Guest Reviewers
“It’s Our Job as People to Make Others Feel Valued”: Children Imagining More Caring and Just Worlds through Superhero Stories
This study explores the potential of fifth-grade children to take up mold and complicate the superhero genre to engage issues of social justice and equity in critical and dynamic ways. Using critical discourse and visual analysis I explore the ideological and political work in the comics four students of color created as part of this study. I argue that when given the opportunity to embody their full selves in the creation process to fight against issues of injustice that matter to them children are more likely to imagine beyond conceptions of the child (e.g. being apolitical) and take on activist stances. Moreover teachers have the power to encourage children to see themselves and their voices as important tools in the fight for social justice. This study pushes us to consider that we as adults can either help to expand the possibilities available to children or continue to perpetuate the inequities that children experience on a daily basis due to misconceptions of what it means to be a child and what children are capable of.
“Swirling a Million Feelings into One”: Working-Through Critical and Affective Responses to the Holocaust through Comics
Drawing on perspectives from cultural studies affect theory and critical literacy this article explores comics made by three eighth-grade students in response to Art Spiegelman’s Holocaust memoir Maus. Students’ comics were developed through participatory research alongside their classroom teacher a research team and teacher candidates from a local university. These three students Stella Maisie and Naomi reacted strongly to the content of Maus and the comics medium and raised questions around identity representation and the legibility of their often-intense emotional responses. We trace their affective engagements to explore how comic-making allowed students to represent feelings that are often difficult to make visible in school spaces. Our analysis highlights how affective critical literacy orients teaching and research toward working-through rather than resolving complicated emotions allowing educators to recognize unanswered questions as forms of critical engagement.
Storytelling and Proleptic Gaps: Reimagining Inequities in the Mount
We describe the work of two groups of middle school youth as they authored stories set in their community based on superhero and absurdist storytelling genres. Their storytelling was part of a weekly ELA project that took place from February through May 2017 in a public middle school in a neighborhood where economic inequality defines many facets of everyday life. Drawing on audio and video recordings from ten weekly storytelling events field notes interviews and close readings of youth narratives we describe how youth created and initiated proleptic bids and thereby opened proleptic gaps for improvising on and producing new material with the potential to rescript the meanings of childhood and equity in their communities. We argue that these bids and gaps made space for youth to not only critique but also move beyond dominant readings of their neighborhood and we suggest that such openings are therefore necessary for transformative literacy pedagogy and practice. We further argue that proleptic pedagogy in the form of joint storytelling affords a compelling and sustainable space for youth to experience joy friendship and artist-authoring identities all of which have been systematically eroded by federal state and district policies oriented to testing and closed meanings.
Author Index to Volume 56 (2021–2022)
Editors’ Introduction: Storying and Restorying as Cathartic Hope
(Re)Active Praxis: The Crop of Fall 2020: Rural Anxieties and Preservice Identities
This reflective piece draws on the author’s experiences of simultaneously teaching a college-level young adult literature seminar alongside an upper-level methods course on teaching literature in the secondary schools. While this was not his first time teaching the two courses during the same semester what makes this particular experience unique was that he taught both courses face-to-face in the midst of a global pandemic. Additionally his midsized Midwestern university’s largely rural first-generation student population responded to the complex chaos of 2020 in culturally specific and pedagogically profound ways.
Research: Rurally Motivated? How English Teachers Negotiate Rural Sense of Belonging
English education candidates deserve time and support to consider how school and community coexist and to think deeply about where they want to be English teachers. This study used multiple case study analysis to better understand participants’ negotiation of sense of belonging (SOB) in rural schools and communities across experiences: a rural-intensive practicum course a student teaching semester and/or contracted teaching jobs in rural schools. In looking over time and across experiences this paper builds an understanding of how English teachers develop (or do not develop) rural SOB. Data include written reflections and auto-photography that represent practicum students’ understanding of their placement community and rural English classroom (all names of people and places are pseudonyms). We follow those who accepted rural student teaching placements and/or chose rural schools for their first teaching position adding interviews into our corpus. We describe participants’ interactions with space curriculum and people as they negotiate a rural SOB. We offer insight into what English teachers foreground and where they experience tensions as they position themselves (and others) in rural schools and communities.
Research: “Communities of Discomfort”: Empowering LGBTQ+ Ally Work in a Southeastern Rural Community
Discussions of rural education are often deficit-laden and the ways that scholars discuss rural schools relative to LGBTQ+ issues position these communities and their schooling as toxic and dangerous for queer students—particularly in the rural Southeast. However the tightly knit connections within rural communities afford unique and important opportunities to build classrooms that empower LGBTQ+ students and teacher allies. Informed by Britzman’s queer pedagogy (1998) and Ahmed’s (2014) discussions of comfort and discomfort this article examines a high school English teacher’s experiences during student teaching and the first two years of inservice teaching in rural communities in the Southeastern United States. This research emphasizes discomfort/disruption as productive and positive in creating a community of discomfort that draws on connections to rural communities while working within school-based restrictions to support LGBTQ+ students and issues.
(Re)Active Praxis: Valuing Linguistic Diversity: Transforming the Teaching of Grammar for Rural Preservice Secondary English Teachers
This essay examines how I reconfigured a required applied grammar course taken by preservice teachers at the university where I teach. Because a significant number of the preservice teachers I work with come from and will teach in rural areas in the southern Appalachian region the course redesign aimed to increase their confidence in their own language abilities and prepare them for the linguistic diversity they will find in their future classrooms. Drawing on research by linguists especially Black English scholars and using a combination of systemic functional linguistics and linguistic pragmatics I explore how and why I transformed a traditionally taught grammar course to one that values linguistic plurality.