English Language Arts/ Higher Ed
(Re)Active Praxis: Politically Speaking: Accepting Teaching as a Political Act
This reflective essay explores the evolution of an educator’s understanding of the inherently political nature of teaching inspired by Paulo Freire’s philosophy and deepened through personal experience and professional development. Initially resistant to integrating politics into pedagogy the author recounts how mentoring new teachers and a pivotal experience with a mentee exposed the inadequacy of apolitical teaching. A Fulbright fellowship further shifted the author’s perspective revealing that classrooms are critical spaces for civic discourse and democratic engagement. Embracing this insight the author began explicitly incorporating political texts and discussions while maintaining a focus on analytical thinking over partisan debate. The essay concludes with a framework for preservice and new teachers to navigate political content thoughtfully and responsibly. It argues that avoiding politics is not a neutral act but rather a missed opportunity to equip students for active citizenship in a complex polarized world.
(Re)Active Praxis: Exploring Our Wobbles as Teacher Educators Committed to Critical Pedagogy
Teacher educators in the United States who are committed to promoting critical pedagogy are certain to face tension and doubt during Trump’s second term as president. In this reflective piece two teacher educators explore some of their tensions and discuss the insight gained from reflecting upon and responding to moments of tension and doubt.
Research: Examining Particularities of Praxis within a Literacy Practicum: A Case Study of Humanizing Pedagogies and Hope
This article addresses how teacher educators prepare literacy teachers to respond to the politicization of reading and literacy in current contexts. Utilizing a humanizing pedagogies framework the authors explore four nested cases within a case study of one cohort of preservice teachers’ literacy mentoring in a two-semester course-based practicum. They ask how preservice teachers practice humanizing pedagogy and how they reflect toward their future teaching. A qualitative analysis of course artifacts reveals particularities in how participants learn about themselves as they mentor young readers leverage those understandings to build their teaching practice and connect their experiences to the politics of schooling. Participants envision cultivating belonging and critical literacy within their future classrooms conscious of the conditions of schooling and hopeful about their capacity to teach critical literacy. Implications for teacher education include designing spaces to come to know and meet preservice teachers where they are in their journeys toward humanization.
(Re)Active Praxis: Centering Care and Humanization in Difficult Conversations
Grounded in theories of care and humanizing pedagogy in this praxis piece two teacher educators explore strategies to navigate complex polarizing topics in educational settings. Drawing on examples such as facilitating “listening arguments” and welcoming discomfort in critical reflection educators are encouraged to resist binaries and promote understanding of diverse perspectives. Through care and humanization educators can create spaces where disagreements become opportunities for growth healing and deeper civic engagement even in restrictive educational environments.
Research: English Educators and the Publication of Teacher Research in NCTE Journals: Advancing ELA’s Emancipatory Aims
This review of teacher research published in four NCTE journals from 2003–2023 considers who is authoring teacher research articles about which middle and secondary contexts and for which audiences. Despite teacher research’s history in English education epistemic injustice has fragmented its contributions to our field’s knowledge base. Consequently a recent history is critically important to document. Drawing on positioning theory to analyze how article authors position themselves and others through writing for publication this research reveals that most teacher research published in these NCTE journals is authored by English educators. It identifies three vantage points from which English educators differently position themselves in relation to teacher research and teacher-researchers as they contribute to ELA’s emancipatory aims. At a sociopolitical moment when teacher agency and intellectualism are particularly threatened this review calls English educators forward. By capitalizing on our collective power to publish and seek sustainable change with classroom teacher-researchers we champion shared roles as knowledge producers and agents of change working together to emancipate students and one another from oppressive systems of inequities.
Queer Books and Bodies in the Writing Center
Answering recent calls for more scholarship on LGBTQIA+ experiences in the writing center this article reflects upon the joys and emotional labor involved in queering our center’s programming by offering an LGBTQIA+ literature writing group.
Tutoring on Demand! Exploring the Creep of the Higher Education For-Profit Online Tutoring Landscape on College Campuses
The article explores the prevalence of for-profit tutoring services contracted by four-year and two-year colleges and the perceptions writing center professionals have about for-profit tutoring services. Applying a grounded theory approach the researchers found five main themes that emerged from an open-ended survey sent to writing studies and writing center listservs in fall 2022. The article concludes with suggestions modeled after not-for-profit tutoring initiatives such as the Western eTutoring Consortium.
Establishing Best Practices: Guidelines for Starting or Improving an Embedded Tutoring Program in the Writing Center
In recent years the college writing center at our community college began an embedded tutoring program in hopes of reaching more developmental English students. A combination of the pandemic and the temporary shift to online-only tutoring pandemic funding opportunities and changes in the college’s developmental education program led tutors to rethink how best to help developmental students succeed. Ultimately this article shows that developing our embedded tutoring program facilitated a partnership between instructors tutors and students that resulted in higher academic performance student and faculty engagement and faculty buy-in.
Please Explain Your Reasons Below: Analyzing Qualitative Data from a Community College Writing Center’s Nonusers
As part of a study I conducted to investigate the variables that influence our students’ writing center participation students who had not used the center were asked to submit free-response data to further describe their reasons for nonuse. For this article the nonusers’ narrative data are interpreted within the context of the quantitative results I obtained to gain a deeper understanding of why some students do not use our writing center. Based on my findings I offer recommendations for tailoring writing center support to better meet our students’ needs with the overall aim of increasing their use of our services.
It’s Giving (Non-)Performative: Toward a Radically Inclusive Two-Year Writing Center
This collaboratively composed paper recognizes the juxtaposition and resonance between two writing center workers’ experiences writerly voices and perspectives on the future of diversity equity and inclusion in the two-year writing center. It also takes into account our shared commitment to honesty with ourselves and each other about where we succeed and where we fail in our work as diversity practitioners.
What We Bring with Us: A Multivocal Look at the Experiences of Two-Year College Peer Writing Tutors
This article examines two-year college peer writing tutors’ preparedness for the emotional labor of writing center work. Through stories this multivocal piece shares the experiences of nine current and former peer tutors from a writing center at a large midwestern technical college and challenges the narrative of two-year colleges as remedial spaces.
Guest Editors’ Introduction: Restarting the Conversation: Why We Need a Special Issue on Two-Year College Writing Centers
The editors of this special issue of Teaching English in the Two-Year College highlight the lack of scholarship on two-year college writing centers despite their widespread presence. Systemic barriers are in place at most two-year colleges including heavy workloads lack of institutional support for research and limited incentives for two-year-college writing center staff to publish. The issue features new research showcasing the unique challenges and innovations in two-year college writing centers. The editors hope this issue sparks an ongoing conversation around the important and distinctive work happening in two-year college writing centers
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(Re)Active Praxis: Cutting through the Briars: Politics and Context in Teacher Education
Using the metaphor of my grandmother’s garden and her endless pockets of tools this praxis-focused discussion offers practical guidance for educators to effectively and strategically navigate complex political contexts and restrictive mandates. The goal is to equip and empower teachers so that they and students might flourish despite figurative briars and rocky terrains just as my grandmother’s plants did.
Research: “Our students’ identities ought to be at the center of our work”: Examining the Tensions of Enacting Critical Perspectives in Preservice Literacy Teaching
This qualitative study examined elementary education preservice teachers’ (PTs’) enactments of culturally responsive and sustaining pedagogies within their respective field placements. Data collection occurred across three semesters including participant interviews field observations and teaching artifacts. Analysis indicates that the PTs’ field placement context(s) shaped the affordances and limitations each preservice teacher encountered during student teaching. This study suggests that PTs need support from multiple stakeholders to adopt and enact culturally sustaining pedagogies and it raises questions about what more teacher education programs can do to support PTs once they enter student teaching.
ELATE Position Statement: Exploring, Incorporating, and Questioning Generative Artificial Intelligence in English Teacher Education
In this ELATE position statement issued on November 21 2024 the authors contextualize GenAI as an issue of literacy offering specific considerations for incorporating addressing and exploring this technology in ELA teacher education. More broadly the authors encourage us to question how teacher education can navigate these increasingly complex technologies and the attendant literacies while responding to the political implications of both.
(Re)Active Praxis: Preservice Teachers, Critical Literacy, and the Age of the #ScienceofReading
This essay explores an in-class activity designed to prepare preservice teachers (PSTs) to leverage critical literacies as they navigate political social media claims about English/reading instruction in a methods of middle school ELA course. PSTs investigated content produced by social media teacher influencers ascribed to the “Science of Reading” (SOR) movement using Gee’s (2014) “tools of inquiry” for discourse analysis. While PSTs shared greater critical perspectives of social media content after the activity they also struggled to identify the political underpinnings of instructional claims. The author reflects on this activity and offers suggestions for teacher educators as they prepare PSTs for twenty-first-century political and pedagogical influences.
Research: Building Elementary Teacher Candidates’ Comfort and Knowledge for Selecting Children’s Literature Depicting Disabilities
Experiences with children’s literature can serve as bibliotherapy by building readers’ empathy understanding and comfort with disabled characters. However elementary generalist teacher candidates rarely experience this learning in teacher education coursework focused on pedagogy. This exploratory formative design/development study found that teacher candidates’ self-reported comfort choosing children’s literature depicting disability significantly increased following reading and meeting an author of literature depicting disability. Specifically despite concerns about navigating texts with outdated or offensive terminology teacher candidates felt that their students could connect with these characters. Implications for teacher education are discussed.
In Dialogue: People Writing, Human Identities
The recent ELATE position statement on generative AI in English education is nuanced and wise perhaps the best that can be produced in this historical moment. However we must fully grasp the dangers of the “efficiency” celebrated by the technological economic and ideological interests driving these tools which have consequences for individual cognition and democratic participation. ELA professionals must champion broad human engagements with language including writing that prizes people’s experiences thoughts imaginations and voices for purposes beyond efficiency.
Instructional Note: Still Successful! Student Achievement after Eliminating Developmental Reading and Writing at Onondaga Community College
This Instructional Note presents seven semesters of data showing the results of eliminating developmental reading and writing on our campus.
Assessing for Access and Success: Reflecting on Ten Years of Developmental Education Reform at a Two-Year College
This article considers recent trends in developmental education and analyzes disaggregated student data exploring the extent to which developmental education reform of corequisite instruction affected access of one community college’s students to a first-semester composition course. By examining student access and student success across two distinct semesters before and after extensive developmental education reform the article presents an approach to deep assessment that is necessary for English departments at community colleges as they analyze and adjust to specific reforms.
What Works for Me: How to Lit-Review
Serving Students through Scheduling: Examining Course Modalities at a Two-Year Hispanic-Serving Institution
This article shares findings from a research study on writing students’ preferences needs and success rates across in-person hybrid and asynchronous online modalities and the implications for department scheduling.
Commentary from the Field: You Can’t Spell Faculty without “C-U-L-T”: Ways of Knowing in TETYC
This piece begins to contextualize my stance as a community college writing teacher just over eighteen years in.
Ungrading in the Ethical Turn as an Assessment Killjoy
In this article I provide a chronological narrative to my ungrading choices in composition classes as a neurodiverse single mother from a working-class background. I discuss my positionality as a White person committed to justice and my experiences as an “assessment killjoy” (West-Puckett et al.) during the ethical turn in writing studies. From this foundation I reflect on my attempts to grade more equitably. I discuss my pedagogical goals which are grounded in intersectional feminist theory (hooks; Royster and Kirsch) standpoint theory (Harding) learning sciences (Hammond; Ross) and a robust model of the writing construct (White et al.) and analyze the consequences of exit portfolios labor-based contract grading (Inoue) and specifications grading (Nilson) via this integrated framework.
Review: Teachers Talking Writing: Perspectives on Places, Pedagogies, and Programs
Editor’s Introduction: Lilac and Literacy Studies: Planting for Future Springs
Review: Two-Year College Writing Studies: Rationale and Praxis for Just Teaching
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In Dialogue: The Depth of Political Influences in Education
In this piece the author engages in dialogue with the preceding article “Affecting Social Class Literacy: Classed Emotions in Preservice Teachers’ Lives Literature Analysis and Future Teaching” by Sophia Tatiana Sarigianides to consider the manifestation of political ideologies in teacher education.
(Re)Active Praxis: A Collision of Beliefs: Teacher Education in the Time of Trump
Teacher educators who are committed to antiracist and anti-oppressive work are faced with challenges when confronted with future teachers who do not share these values. This reflective essay explores the story of a new teacher educator committed to social justice work who must work with a teacher candidate who openly contested discussions of institutional racism gender inclusivity and the “liberal” agenda yet was evaluated by the student teaching assessment form as a proficient teacher.
Research: Rime of the Emergent Teachers: Supporting Collaborative Literary Learning through Roleplaying Games
This article explores the affordances of roleplaying games (RPGs) in teacher education contexts for supporting navigation across personal cultural and literary interpretive practices. Coding preservice teachers’ (PSTs’) discussions about their own learning experiences we see how tabletop RPGs designed around existing texts have the potential to support both textual comprehension as well as literary interpretation. RPGs made space for circumventing difficult language and Western cultural knowledge instead foregrounding students’ identities textual connections questions and meaning-making. PSTs described the benefits of a “double experience” in which their own decisions in the roleplaying game structured their understanding of the original text when they were reading and their interpretations of it after the activity. We share teacher learning around design including tensions around staying on script to support comprehension or going “off-script” to support critical literary interpretation. We suggest that RPGs in English education contexts can help teachers see the potential of centering joyful sometimes messy interpretive meaning-making while decentering individual texts and teacher-centric pedagogies.
In Dialogue: Parallels of Discrimination: Affirming Palestinian American Adolescents’ Identity in Politically Charged Climates
In this piece the author engages in dialogue with the preceding article “A Collision of Beliefs: Teacher Education in the Time of Trump” by Abby Boehm-Turner to reflect on the importance of criticality and liberatory practices.
In Dialogue: Threads between Teaching, Politics, and Tabletop Gaming
In this piece the author engages in dialogue with the preceding article “Rime of the Emergent Teachers: Supporting Collaborative Literary Learning through Roleplaying Games” by Karis Jones Sasha Karbachinskiy Jennifer Castillo and Alexandra Salom by considering the inherently political nature of roleplaying games.
Research: Affecting Social Class Literacy: Classed Emotions in Preservice Teachers’ Lives, Literature Analysis, and Future Teaching
In the field of English education views of working-class individuals matter not only in terms of teacher beliefs about their students but also for literature instruction that reflects classed lives in texts like A Raisin in the Sun and The Great Gatsby. Without an explicit critical discourse on social class (Jones & Vagle 2013) dominant views of working-class people remain intact especially in the middle-class institution of schooling (Vagle & Jones 2012). This study examines the effects of implementing a social class literacy (SCL) curriculum featuring classed feelings in a young adult literature course designed for English language arts preservice teachers. Findings show preservice teachers capably applying SCL to literary interpretations and to their lives and how doing so affected their ideas about future teaching.
CCCC Convention Companion Publication
2024 Edition
Student Perspectives
Symposium: Discussion in Progress: A Burkean Parlor Conversation on Equity-Based Assessment
This symposium documents an ongoing conversation between five faculty members from Portland Community College. The discussion explores what “equity-based assessment” means grappling both with the reasons for adopting such approaches as contract grading labor-based grading and ungrading and with the challenges of implementing them in two-year colleges.
“Easy & understanding”: everyone has power in this space
When we offer students engagement in the creation of the course not only do we acknowledge that those in culturally minoritized positions are adept at deploying the same skills we seek to teach but also we show that their lived experiences are valuable necessary and desirable within the classroom. This recognition opens a space in which students not only feel a sense of belonging but also create the terms of belonging. This article shares an evolving five-year and running process and offers an overview of how a community-based assessment practice grew from adapting (with students) labor-based grading coupled with self-directed writing.
Instructional Note: Making It about XP Instead of Loot: Ungrading and Gameful Learning Design in First-Year Writing
This essay explores the pedagogical potential of using labor-based grading and gameful learning design in a first-year writing course at an open-access college in the Southeastern United States.
Instructional Note: Setting the Stage for a New Path Forward: Introducing an Alternative Grading Framework to Students
Introducing an alternative grading framework to students can be a challenge. Instructors might encounter student resistance confusion and frustration. To better help students understand both why moving away from traditional grading practices is important and how the classroom’s alternative assessment system functions this Instructional Note suggests centering dialogue students’ histories with grades and an overview of the classroom’s alternative grading practice during the first couple of weeks of class.
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The Equitable Classroom—Antiracist Assessment Starts Here
This article explores the connections between creating an equitable classroom and antiracist assessment. The article attempts to explain the impact of the equitable classroom on student apathy. Additionally rigid concepts of “failing” under this equitable classroom model are interrogated. Finally the article provides some insights into the limitations and pitfalls of the equitable classroom design.
Instructional Note: The Labor of Ungrading
This Instructional Note is for two-year college instructors who have attended conference presentations and read articles about the benefits of ungrading and want to know more about the pragmatics of teaching and how the shift to alternative assessment will affect their work.
Review: Cripping Labor-Based Grading for More Equity in Literacy Courses by Asao B. Inoue
Reducing Stress through Agency and Autonomy: Community College Student Perspectives on Labor-Based Contract Grading
The flexibility of labor-based contract grading allowed students in the study to make strategic intentional autonomous choices about the types of labor and products they produced. This strategic decision-making helped them to balance the workload requirements of their other classes employment and personal issues and laid important groundwork for students’ emerging autonomy.
Student Perspectives
Student Perspectives
Announcements
Guest Editors’ Introduction: Disrupting the Alternative Grading Narrative: Recognizing the Contributions of Two-Year College Teacher-Scholars
In this special issue introduction about alternative grading practices we argue that stories from two-year colleges and other underrepresented institutions matter. As our title suggests this special issue is an attempt to recognize the unrecognized and disrupt the dominant alternative assessment narrative. To meet the needs of all students especially those whose journeys include two-year colleges the field must find ways to elevate faculty voices from community colleges technical colleges and vocational colleges in conversations about pedagogical innovations including grading.
Research: “The students are only getting more diverse”: Cultivating Culturally Infused Teaching and Learning with Preservice Teachers in a Professional Learning Community
Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) have potential as a collaborative model at facilitating culturally relevant/sustainable (CRS) pedagogical practices with preservice teachers. This article presents the results of a study examining the experiences of preservice English educators in a model PLC aimed at fostering understandings of CRS pedagogies with preservice educators. Monthly virtual PLC sessions were conducted over the course of four months focused on developing an understanding of CRS pedagogies with six preservice educators. Transcripts from PLC sessions and individual interviews were examined through a qualitative case-study analysis to determine themes that emerged from participant experiences. Analysis revealed three themes as central to preservice teachers’ experiences in the model PLC: (1) need for sense of community in the PLC (2) apprehension regarding perceived administrative response and (3) enthusiasm for attempting CRS practices in the classroom. PLCs centered on developing CRS practices with preservice educators may aid English teacher education programs in preparing teachers to educate students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.
Research: English Teachers’ Experience of Critical Language Teaching in an Anti-CRT Context
This study examines how English teachers in a politically conservative state integrate principles of Critical Language Awareness into their existing curricula despite a political climate hostile to teaching about social inequity. This project stemmed from concerns expressed by preservice teachers in an English methods class about their ability to enact the critical language teaching methods they were learning because of the political context in the state. Interviews with practicing teachers reveal how teachers incorporate critical language teaching across English courses as disparate as AVID English 9 Journalism and African American Literature. The study provides examples of external pushback against race-related curriculum and the resulting fear teachers carried in their professional and personal lives. It also documents teachers’ persistence in the face of fear. Finally the study raises challenges of teaching about race and language with white students in politically conservative contexts highlighting a need to support teachers doing critical language teaching in these spaces. The findings demonstrate that even under the scrutiny of anti-CRT sentiments teachers can successfully engage critical language awareness.
Invited Reflection: Small Talk about Big Ideas: The Benefits of ELATE Membership
In this piece three leaders of English Language Arts Teacher Educators (ELATE) reflect on their individual experiences with ELATE before collectively exploring the benefits of membership in the professional organization.