College Composition & Communication - Volume 77, Issue 2, 2025

Taking stock of the diminishing material conditions faced by contemporary writers broadly conceived, this article (re)frames writing as a site and a practice of exploited labor. Arguing that writing scholars have often avoided interrogating writing’s links to labor, particularly with respect to declining working conditions and the appropriation of value from workers, I draw attention to the pervasive crisis of writing’s devaluation under late capitalism. To evidence this assessment, I apply political economist Harry Braverman’s conception of the “progressive alienation of the process of production”—the notion that labor is increasingly eroded through capitalism’s advancement—to the scene of contemporary gig writing, specifically Amazon’s microtask platform Mechanical Turk (MTurk). MTurk, I maintain, offers a paradigmatic illustration of contemporary writers’ material exploitation, both for its efforts to de-skill writers and for its conscription of writers to advance their own exploitation by employing them to train generative AI.

This article seeks to present a model of critical factors that influence writing transfer by exploring and extending conversations happening in the field. The article identifies five critical and interconnected factors that support writing transfer: connection, perception, reflection, disposition, and fortification. These factors emerge from an integration of writing transfer scholarship and data from a longitudinal study of student writers. In that study, six participants were followed for seven years (from first-year composition past graduation and into the workforce) and asked to explain their experiences and perceptions of writing. I offer these five factors to spark a broader conversation about how multiple overlapping influences contribute to writing transfer and to encourage further research into how these factors interact and reinforce one another.

Writing studies scholarship lauds reflection’s capacity for building metacognitive understanding and facilitating transfer. Meanwhile, feminist and antiracist pedagogy scholarship highlights reflection’s ability to create spiritual and societal change. By contextualizing reflection within institutional and programmatic contexts, we argue that writing scholars can revise assignments to account for reflection’s contributions to civic and spiritual identity development. This cross-institutional case study analyzes patterns in first-year students’ reflective writing across three writing programs. Drawing on five codes for reflective identities—scholarly, writerly, professional, civic, and spiritual—we found that scholarly and writerly identities were emphasized regardless of context. However, students often had an “excess” in reflection, writing about civic and spiritual growth when prompts did not invite it. In conversation with university and program mission statements, we argue that instructors and WPAs can leverage reflection to expand beyond a single classroom context, ultimately tapping into its potential to create individual and social change.

This article focuses on the seldom-discussed literacies of the Hip Hop audio engineer through the experiences of Lyrix, a Black woman audio engineer from the Midwest. Grounded in the literature of literacy scholars invested in the sonic dimensions of Hip Hop culture, two research questions guide this article: How does one develop their expertise as an audio engineer, and what insights can be gathered about literacy learning by focusing on marginalized Hip Hop figures, such as women audio engineers? This article ultimately argues that Lyrix’s experience underscores a nonlinear approach to sonic literacy education, highlighting a transitory approach that ruptures and flows through barriers of access. The article concludes with suggested starting points for future research on Hip Hop literacy studies in particular and literacy studies more broadly.

This piece was originally delivered as the CCCC Chair’s Address at the 2025 CCCC Annual Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, on April 10, 2025. It has been lightly revised for a print format.

This letter was written for the CCCC membership in September 2025; it has been lightly edited for publication here.